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Karl Schwarzschild ((:ˈkaʁl ˈʃvaʁtsʃɪlt)) (October 9, 1873 – May 11, 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. He was also the father of astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild. He provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished in 1915, the same year that Einstein first introduced general relativity. The Schwarzschild solution, which makes use of Schwarzschild coordinates and the Schwarzschild metric, leads to a derivation of the Schwarzschild radius, which is the size of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole. Schwarzschild accomplished this triumph while serving in the German army during World War I. He died the following year from the autoimmune disease pemphigus, which he developed while at the Russian front. Various forms of the disease particularly affect people of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. Asteroid 837 Schwarzschilda is named in his honor. ==Life== Schwarzschild was born in Frankfurt am Main to Jewish parents. His father was active in the business community of the city, and the family had ancestors in the city dating back to the sixteenth century.〔Sadri Hassani (Mathematical Physics: A Modern Introduction to Its Foundations ) Retrieved 2012-05-27〕 Karl attended a Jewish primary school until 11 years of age.〔MacTutor History of Mathematics(【引用サイトリンク】authorlink=J J O'Connor and E F Robertson ) Retrieved 2012-05-27〕 He was something of a child prodigy, having two papers on binary orbits (celestial mechanics) published before he was sixteen.〔John Daintith - (Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists ) CRC Press, 18 Aug 2008 Retrieved 2012-05-27〕〔(Search engine verification of : "published papers before sixteen years of age" ) Retrieved 2012-05-27〕 He studied at Straßburg and Munich, obtaining his doctorate in 1896 for a work on Henri Poincaré's theories. From 1897, he worked as assistant at the Kuffner observatory in Vienna. From 1901 until 1909 he was a professor at the prestigious institute at Göttingen, where he had the opportunity to work with some significant figures including David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. Schwarzschild became the director of the observatory in Göttingen. He married Else Posenbach, the daughter of a professor of surgery at Göttingen, in 1909, and later that year moved to Potsdam, where he took up the post of director of the Astrophysical Observatory. This was then the most prestigious post available for an astronomer in Germany. He and Else had three children, Agathe, Martin (who went on to become a professor of astronomy at Princeton University), and Alfred. From 1912, Schwarzschild was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he joined the German army despite being over 40 years old. He served on both the western and eastern fronts, rising to the rank of lieutenant in the artillery. While serving on the front in Russia in 1915, he began to suffer from a rare and painful skin disease called pemphigus. Nevertheless, he managed to write three outstanding papers, two on relativity theory and one on quantum theory. His papers on relativity produced the first exact solutions to the Einstein field equations, and a minor modification of these results gives the well-known solution that now bears his name: the Schwarzschild metric. Schwarzschild's struggle with pemphigus may have eventually led to his death. He died on May 11, 1916. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karl Schwarzschild」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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